1. Reconstruction of ossicular chain needs ossicular prosthesis ossicular chains integrity.

2. Methods The ossicular reconstruction of 6 patients who suffered from middle conductive hearing loss were operated by the endoscope.

3. Wheneer feasible, ossicular reconstruction was performed at the time of the initial surgical procedure.

4. To study morphologic changes of ear ossicles and auditory ossicular chain of patients with conductive deafness.

5. Objective To investigate the hearing results of various materials in ossicular chain reconstruction, as well as those in open tympanoplasty and simple tympanoplasty.

6. Reconstruction of lateral attic wall provides a new space for vibration of ossicular chain.

7. In the operation, temporal fascia was used to repair the drum and self cortex of mastoid bone or artificial porcelain auditory ossicles were used to reconstruct the ossicular chain.

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8. Objective To evaluate CT virtual endoscopy ( CTVE ) in the diagnosis of congenital malformation of ossicular chain.

9. Objective To assess the clinical application and limitation of 3 - D spiral CT of the ossicular chain.

10. Objective:To study the development of the lenticular process of incus, and to make clear whether the lenticular processes are separated in ossicular chain.

11. Objective To discuss of American coral porous hydroxyapatite artifical ear - bones in the ossicular chain reconstruction.

12. Fig. 2 The pathologic changes only involved mastoid process area, but not the ossicular chain area; only simple mastoidectomy is given for treatment.

13. Destruction of the incus was by far the most common ossicular defect in all cholesteatoma ears.

14. Objective:To discuss the best material and operation style of synchronal ossicular chain reconstruct for chronic suppurative otitis media patients.