1. Sickle-cell disease predominates in Africa.

2. Sickle-cell disease and severe forms of thalassaemia (thalassaemia major) can occur only when both parents are carriers of trait genes for the particular condition.

3. Sickle-cell disease is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood cells change shape in a characteristic way.

4. Haemoglobin disorders fall into two main categories: sickle-cell disease and thalassaemias.

5. Patients with sickle-cell disease should be screened for skin ulcerations or potential sources of osteomyelitis, which can cause seeding of the site of a prosthetic joint.

6. Sickle-cell disease is characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from a smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half moon shape.

7. In sickle-cell disease, the haemoglobin is abnormal and this causes a change in the shape of the red blood cells.

8. This has been done successfully in mice with sickle-cell disease, but will not be possible for some years in people.

9. For reasons that are not clear, sickle-cell disease is of very variable severity.

10. The child of a black white mating, safe from both cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease, is hybrid vigour personified.

11. "It's very real step forward in the treatment of sickle-cell disease, " says Chris Mason, a senior stem cell researcher at University College London.

12. Poor blood oxygen levels and blood vessel blockages in people with sickle-cell disease can lead to chronic acute pain syndromes, severe bacterial infections, and necrosis (tissue death).

13. With the ability to decipher details as small as 1/1, 000th of a meter, the microscope could identify sickle-cell disease or from blood samples and perform blood cell counts.

14. One option in future may be to create stem cells from a patient's own tissue, then return these after using gene therapy to correct the genetic mutation that causes sickle-cell disease.

15. Approximately 5% of the world's population carries trait genes for haemoglobin disorders, mainly, sickle-cell disease and thalassaemia.

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16. In addition, a resolution on the prevention and management of birth defects, including sickle-cell disease and thalassaemias, was adopted by the 63rd World Health Assembly in May 2010.

17. Approximately 5% of the world's population are healthy carriers of a gene for sickle-cell disease or thalassaemia.